Volume-1 & Issue-10

The Influence of CAMEL Ratios on Credit Rating Evaluation in Tanzanian Commercial Banks: An Empirical Analysis

AUTHORS: James Daniel Chindengwike1* , Andrew Kalistus Mwambe 2 , Alex Reuben Kira3

ABSTRACT: the international credit rating evaluation systems are used by global agencies to grade their lenders which can be non-financial or financial institutions. Also, international credit ratings are considerably platforms of evidence of private information possessed by banks. Credit rating evaluation to entities such as commercial banks, it is still under infant stage in Tanzania and other developing countries. This research paper examined the influence of CAMEL ratios on credit rating evaluation of Tanzanian Commercial Banks. The research opted time series research design in capturing the variables, quarterly data from 2009-2019 was estracted from banks’ financial reports. In evaluating the commercial banks’ credit rating, the study’s sample sizes were 40 observations from CRDB and NMB commercial banks. The results indicated that, the influence of CAMEL ratios on credit rating of Tanzania Commercial Banks are likely toRead more undergo significantly from capital adequacy, management quality, earning capability and liquidity. The study additional findings showed that, Tanzanian regulatory system (locally) considerers less indicators in credit rating evaluation with inferior standards as compared to international standards. CRDB and NMB banks combine had satisfactory view rating scores that signified basically accuracy with modest amendable limitation (rating average of ‘2’), nevertheless NMB appeared to be better in ratings than CRDB in the period of 10-years examined quarterly (insert statistical P-Values). The study suggests that local systems ensure the establishment of credit rating evaluation guidelines to reflect international standards to effect the credit rating evaluation of local firms. In order to meet international rating standards for local commercial banks, the international credit rating standards are crucial to be adopted. Read less

PSYCHOANALYSIS OF NORMA’S CHARACTER IN BUTTON BUTTON BY RICHARD MATHESON

AUTHORS: Ali Furqan Syed1 , Noor Fatima 2 , Sahresh Qundeel Akhtar 3 , Iqra 4 , Muhammad Akbar 5

ABSTRACT: People can experience catharsis and gain insight into their current state of mind by bringing the content of the unconscious into conscious awareness. Through this process, a person can find relief from psychological distress. The present study aimed to analyse the character of Norma, the protagonist, in the short story “Button Button” by Richard Matheson. The study delves into Norma's most private thoughts which led her to commit such a heinous crime. The primary source of conflict in this story is the incompatibility between Norma and Arthur who are married to each other. In terms of tRead more heir thoughts, they are opposed to each other. Arthur is a man of morality whereas Norma is a bit of a philanthropist who has held on to a few dreams during their married life together. She was willing to go to any length to have her desires met, even if it meant losing her husband. When she receives the $50,000 offer, she is overjoyed to the point of becoming enraged with greed. She wished to see that the offer for her desire was fulfilled, regardless of whether or not anyone died. As a result, the story is in a state of conflict. The study's goal is to find out what her deepest desires are Read less

E-Commerce Applications on Tourism Industry Performance in Tanzania

AUTHORS: Nancy Tobias Shayo, James Daniel Chindengwike

ABSTRACT: Tourism industry is considered as data determined segment remains naturally exaggerated subdivision by knowledge revolt besides its usual transaction framework have being absolutely transformed. The performance besides utilization of network commerce in tourism industry has experiential as instrument to extend marketplace achieve also boost effectiveness with capability of buying and selling procedures. The level of findings of network commerce employ on commerce presentation be contingent scheduled the attention on exercise of company’s necessary value-chain actions. Though, the attention of network commerce utilizes prejudiced through Technical, Administrative with Conservation setting determinants. Based on Administrative with Conservation model with available literatures in prior-adoption in utilizing network commerce, a place in issues, which influence the power of network commercRead more e utilized in Tanzanian vacation industry, remains documented. There-examine stayed demeanour by 181 Tanzanian travel companies which had until that time adopt electronic commerce and Physical Balance Demonstrating were used to explain the information. Thus, results indicates the assortment of electronic commerce utilization have a helpful result on trade presentation in relations of better inner procedures, client facility distribution, modest location, enlarged purchaser base, general commercial presentation. The range of electronic commerce exploit is exaggerated definitely via demands strength and apparent advantages with undesirably by obstacles towards electronic commerce utilization. Thus, results has painted main places, which needs instant performance since equalizes the private, too government area directive encourage a fruitful development of electronic commerce within nation. Read less

Exploring the predominantly used educational management and leadership models in selected secondary schools in Lesotho

AUTHORS: Sepiriti Sepiriti

ABSTRACT: Lesotho secondary school principals are expected to perform a range of activities on a daily basis to ensure that the schools achieve the goals and objectives set. In order to achieve these objectives, individual school principals may use one or more educational management and leadership model(s). This study is anchored in the Rational Choice Theory (RCT) and it seeks to explore the educational management and management model(s) that are predominantly used by the principals in selected Lesotho secondary schools. The data was generated througRead more h telephonic semi structured interviews from 10 conveniently selected schools principals. The data was analysed using the Critical Discourse Analysis. The study shows that the, principals are predominantly using formal/ managerial, collegial/participative and ambiguity/contingency models of educational management and leadership. This implies that there is no single model that works for all the principals. Principals predominantly prefer educational management and leadership model(s) that permit them to effectively perform duties assigned. Read less

WATER RESOURCE IN GENERAL AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN THE CASE OF ETHIOPIA

AUTHORS: Mudesir Nesru

ABSTRACT: Water is essential for all living organisms on earth. Human beings use water for transportation, irrigation, domestic use, recreation, power development, and industrial purposes. More pressure is being placed on the world's available freshwater as a result of increasing water demand for agriculture, industries, rapid urbanization, recreation, and environmental flow. Ethiopia is an entirely landlocked country, occupying a large portion of the Horn oRead more f Africa. Ethiopia is also a country with diverse landforms due to separating tectonic plates, including mountain highlands, the Great Rift Valley, and plateaus. Furthermore, the country has an abundance of annual rainfall as well as other significant water sources that might be established for irrigation and other purposes of development. Rainfall in the country exists in a variety of forms that conceivably utilized for irrigation and agriculture. Read less

Pathological study of the tourism industry and its solutions in Afghanistan (A Case study in Jalalabad City)

AUTHORS: Enayatullah Dadman1, Faeze al sadat Mirfkharudini 2

ABSTRACT: Tourism industry is one of the income sources for developing countries, and most officials and planners are working to make the best use of this industry. Tourism has a special place in the tourism industry and has an active and effective role in promoting the socio-economic and cultural structure of countries. The city of Jalalabad, which has been selected as the study area in the this study, is one of the cities that can be considered as one of the urban tourism hubs at the national level due to its proximity to the Torkham border and has historical monuments, which requires planning of relevant managers. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems in thRead more e field of tourism in Jalalabad, such as investigating the lack of facilities such as hotels, macro perspectives, experts and factors that are effective in attracting tourists. The research method is documentary. The information is collected in the form of documents. Finally, the research findings show that the existing problem in the field of tourism in Jalalabad city is the lack of facilities such as hotels, specialized manpower, macro views, communication networks transportation etc., and its modification can provide the ground for growth and attraction of tourists. After summarizing and concluding, solutions for tourism development in Jalalabad city were proposed Read less

The Authorities and Customary Practices of the Buayan Sultanates in the Philippines

AUTHORS: Candidato L. Kalipa, PhD; Husna T. Lumapenet, EdD

ABSTRACT: The Raja Buayan tribe was formally, as KILIMAN or genealogy recorded, organized sometimes in 1300s following the coming of the early batch of sharif preachers in Mindanao and Sulu, hundred years before the arrival of Sharif Mohammad Kabungsuan at the mouth of the Pulangi (Rio Grande de Mindanao) river. Along with the Hindus, Arab preachers were traders from Asian region like the Malays, Chinese, and others. The interplay of this various practices from intermarriage to governance, led to the birth of the RAJA BUAYAN, a kind of government to which the people render their allegiance and loyalty involving all their transaction from the religion to polity (Sultan Judge Datukaka P. Camsa, 2009). With this context, this study explored and gave in-depth information and knowledge on the customary practice of practices and authorities of the Sultans/Rajahs/Datus in conflict resolution towards peace building of Buayan Sultanates of the municipalities of Second Congressional District of Maguindanao (ARMM) and Municipalities of Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, and Sarangani Provinces in Region XII. This study used phenomenological methods of research, a total of 82 (9 Sultans/Rajahs/Datus and 73 Followers) subjects and respondents were involved. Result indicated that majority of the ruler were at the age bracket of 60-69 while the followers are quite younger from 40-49 years old, with one wife and composed of 5 to 9 family members. On their educational attainment, most of the ruler finishedRead more master’s degree while the followers were elementary graduate. However, in Arabic schooling, all the rulers were not able to attend while the followers reached graduate level; rulers were earning 80,000 and above per month from the government while followers earn only less than 20,000. On land ownership, rulers possessed 45 hectares or more while the followers owned 5 to 14 hectares only. Furthermore, Sultans, Rajahs, and Datus are influential traditional leader and authority influencing their constituents. Meanwhile, on the marriage aspect, parental arrangement is no longer practice on divorce customary practice and law is still practice through the use of “atulan”. On the geographical conflict, majority implemented prescribed laws and Shari’ah laws on social relationships, blood-money was considered as the most effective technique in resolving rido (clan/family conflict). On the extent of Sultanate authorities in peace building development, it was found to be moderately recognized by the Sultans, Rajahs, and Datus. Moreover, the issues and problems of the Sultanate leadership are on geographical boundaries and their ultimate need is to have unity. Thus, the Sultans, Rajahs, and Datus should be recognized as a regular officer of the state. They should be treated and respected in a manner that makes them know and feel that they are part of the government. They should be assured of their position and should then be held responsible for peace and order in the datuship. Read less

A Critical Appraisal of Cloud Computing Technologies for Banking

AUTHORS: Dr. Hema Mirji , Ria Kapoor , Riya Narang

ABSTRACT: In coming years cloud computing is expected to become one of the most important inventions of the era. Cloud computing can offer banking sector a number of advantages like enhanced data processing capability, cost saving, agility of information technology and reduced risk of information technology. To further facilitate the implementation of cloud computing in banking, banks must consider the issues related to data confidentiality, security, regulatory compliance, quality of service and technical standards. With the help of cloud computing many services like storing, managinRead more g and accessing the information has become easier for both the bankers and the consumers. Cloud computing should be applied gradually from the minor business to the core business for better stability and unvarying expansion. In this paper cloud computing in banking sector has been examined with respect to its scope, advantages, disadvantages, applications and its comparison with traditional banking. Finally, this paper concludes that cloud computing is competent to provide the banking sector a more efficient and effortless working environment with promising future prospects. Read less

FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY IN COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIETNAM’S CURRENT PROPAGANDA

AUTHORS: Dong Thi Kim Xuyen, Le Thanh Dung

ABSTRACT: Democracy is one of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the Communist Party of Vietnam’s propaganda work to be truly effective. In the face of increasingly complicated developments in the domestic and international situation, it is very important and necessary to be aware of and clearly ideRead more ntify the factors affecting the implementation of democracy in the Party’s propaganda work. Therefore, within the scope of this article, the author focuses on analyzing the objective and subjective factors affecting the implementation of democracy in the Party’s propaganda work in current period. Read less

MILITANCY AND THE AMNESTY PROGRAM IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA 2005-2014

AUTHORS: Amos Ojo Adedeji

ABSTRACT: The clamour for resource control by the Niger Delta region has become one of the contentious issues in Nigeria. The desire to address the structural deficiency gave birth to militancy. The study examines the activities of militant, and amnesty programme within the context of understanding justice and equity in the Niger Delta Region of the country. The study employs the use of content analysis to carry out the task which relies only on the use of secondary data collection. The paper argued that amnesty package have focused almost entirely on military and security objective as expressed in thRead more e Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programmes. The study revealed national loss of income and resources; security challenges; downsizing of oil companies’ employees; dwindling foreign direct investment; and destruction of national unity among others as implications of the militancy in the region. The paper concluded by recommending more proactive response to the crisis in the region, an all-encompassing approach, an articulated regulatory framework acceptable to all stakeholders, for there to exist a modicum of Niger Delta security, and by extension, a secured federation Read less

Work Life and Work Satisfaction: An Exploratory study on Doctors’ QWL from past and recent Works

AUTHORS: Partha Lodh ,Dr Saileswar Ghosh

ABSTRACT: Health care system is growing complex day after day. It is mostly due to change in lifestyle, increased demand in terms of patient’s care, enhanced technology and its effect on health care delivery process. Sophisticated instruments need specialized knowledge that again leads to need of better and up to date medical education system, which on the other hand, needs better organizational structure. All these have its effect on entire medical profession as newer challenges are to be handled with enhanced skill and potentiality development and increaseRead more d dedication to profession as performance management becoming key factor to avoid professional hazard in different forms. Therefore, entire health policy needs to be revised so as to offer health care workers specially doctors who are key person in health care delivery system, enough provision of quality work life, better job satisfaction to enhance their performance at work place. In our study, we attempted to to identify variables for quality work life of doctors and its relation to their work performance reviewing various literature on this aspect Read less